Company Types in Ireland, and which one fits you
Irish company law gives you five main structures, and most founders only ever need one of them. This page explains what each type is, who it suits, and how to choose without second-guessing. If you’d rather talk it through, we’ll tell you which one we’d pick and why.
What each company type is for
All five are governed by the Companies Act 2014 and all are separate legal entities from the people running them.
LTD
The everyday choice for trading businesses, consultancies, start-ups and subsidiaries.
- One director is enough
- A single-document constitution
- No objects clause, so it can do any lawful business
- Up to 149 shareholders
DAC
A company that can only act within the objects written into its constitution.
- At least two directors
- Memorandum and articles of association
- Common for joint ventures, regulated entities and lender-driven structures
CLG
No shares and no profit paid out. Members guarantee a small fixed sum if it winds up.
- At least two directors
- Used by charities, clubs and management companies
- Charitable status is a separate step
PLC
The only type that can offer its shares to the public. It does not have to be listed.
- At least two directors
- Minimum issued capital of €25,000, at least a quarter paid up
- Heavier reporting than a private company
ULC
Members carry unlimited liability for the company’s debts. Chosen for specific group or legal reasons.
- At least two directors
- Personal exposure for members, so take advice first
- Filing duties depend on how it is owned
Tell us what you’re building
Two minutes on the phone usually settles it. We’ll recommend a type, explain the trade-offs and file it for you.
Talk to our team →Company types compared
The differences that decide the choice, in one table.
| Type | Liability | Owners | Directors | Constitution | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LTD | Limited to unpaid share capital | Shareholders, up to 149 | 1 or more | One document | Trading companies, start-ups, subsidiaries |
| DAC | Limited, by shares or guarantee | Shareholders, up to 149 | 2 or more | Memorandum and articles, with objects | Regulated entities, joint ventures, lender requirements |
| CLG | Limited to the guaranteed sum | Members, no shares | 2 or more | Memorandum and articles | Charities, clubs, management companies |
| PLC | Limited to unpaid share capital | Shareholders, public offer allowed | 2 or more | Memorandum and articles | Raising money from the public |
| ULC | Unlimited | Members | 2 or more | Memorandum and articles | Specific group or legal structures |
A sole director of an LTD still needs a separate company secretary. Always check your own facts with an adviser before filing.
Four questions, one answer
Work down the list and stop at the first yes.
Alternatives and specialist structures
A company is not always the right answer, and some structures are specialist.
Sole trader
The simplest start. You and the business are legally the same, so you are personally liable for its debts. Trading under a name other than your own means registering a business name with the CRO.
Sole trader or company?General partnership
Two or more people trading together, each personally liable.
Limited partnership
Uncommon. Some partners have limited liability and take no part in management.
Branch or subsidiary
For an overseas company entering Ireland. A subsidiary is its own Irish company. Branch vs Limited guide
Section 110 and SE
Specialist vehicles for securitisation and cross-border EU groups. Ask us first.
Changing your mind later
You can usually convert from one type to another, for example an LTD to a DAC, with shareholder approval and a CRO filing. It is far easier to choose well now than to unpick it later. Re-registration guide
Ask about convertingThe rules every Irish company follows
Whatever type you choose, these three apply.
Questions about company types in Ireland
Which company type is best for a small business?
For most small trading businesses it is the LTD. One director is enough, the constitution is a single document, and there is no restriction on what the company can do.
What is the difference between an LTD and a DAC?
Can I change my company type later?
Usually, yes. Companies can convert between types under the Companies Act 2014, normally with shareholder approval and a CRO filing. Learn about re-registration or ask us how it would work for you.
Do I need a PLC to raise investment?
No. A private company can issue shares to private investors. A PLC is only needed to offer shares to the public, and it does not have to be listed.
Is the tax the same for every company type?
Trading profits of a company are taxed at 12.5% and passive income at 25%, whichever type you pick. Charitable bodies can have separate exemptions, so check with us if that applies. Corporation tax explained
Can a non-resident direct an Irish company?
Yes. At least one director must live in the EEA, or the company needs a bond of €25,000. See the non-EEA director guide.
Should I be a sole trader or a limited company?
A company limits your personal liability and protects the name, with more admin in return. A sole trader is simpler but personally liable. Compare them here.
Ready to choose your company type?
Tell us what the business does and who is involved. We’ll confirm the right structure, prepare the filing and look after the paperwork that follows.
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